Abstract: The growth and health status of ancient trees is influenced not only by genetic factors but also by natural factors such as the surrounding climate, geographical environment, hydrogeology, and soil quality, as well as human disturbances. In order to reduce the influence of natural factors and human factors on the ancient trees and carry out more comprehensive protection of ancient trees, this study in human medicine and "preventive treatment of disease" management concept, on the basis of the dimension of ecosystem, we propose a hierarchical management framework centered on ancient tree health management technology. The framework is based on the health management technology of ancient trees, supplemented by habitat improvement, pest control and biodiversity protection outside the protection scope of ancient trees, and combined with three-dimensional layered spatial distribution characteristics of ancient trees, which provides new ideas for improving the technical level of ancient tree protection and management in China.